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Kushiro Shitsugen is one of Japan's largest and most significant wetlands. The Onnetale Boardwalk is an approximately 4km scenic walking path located near the Onnetane Visitor Center at the western edge of the wetland. The path was constructed using the remains of the former Tsurui Village railway line, providing an accessible way to observe the diverse plant life and bird species that inhabit this ecosystem. As part of the Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, this area is strictly protected to preserve its pristine natural environment.
The formation of the Kushiro wetlands is deeply connected to climate changes occurring thousands of years ago. Approximately 6,000 years ago, when sea levels were 2 to 3 meters higher than they are today, this area was a large, shallow bay. As temperatures dropped, the sea level receded, turning the area into a marshland with poor drainage. Over time, the accumulation of reeds and sedges led to peat formation, resulting in the wetland landscape seen today about 3,000 years ago.
Historically, the area has been documented since 1858, when Matsuura Takeshiro navigated the Kushiro River and traversed the wetlands. In 1935, the area was designated as a National Natural Monument for the breeding grounds of the Red-crowned Cranes. While some land use changed in the post-war era, the region was designated as a Ramsar Site in 1980 and became Kushiro Shitsugen National Park in 1987. Today, the focus remains on the vital importance of biodiversity and nature conservation.
Visitors can enjoy stunning views of the wetlands via various observation decks and walkways. The Onnetane Boardwalk offers an intimate environment for observing local flora and fauna. For a wider perspective, the Hosooka Observatory at the eastern end of the wetland provides a panoramic view of the winding Kushiro River. Additionally, travelers can experience the landscape from a moving vantage point by taking the JR Senmo Main Line train. The scenery includes iconic geographical features such as the meandering Kushishiro River, Miyajima Cape, and Kirakotan Cape.
The landscape of Kushiro Shitsugen changes beautifully with the seasons. From March to October, visitors can observe active plant growth and bird activity. Summer is particularly ideal for bird watching and botanical observation. However, during the winter months, access to the boardwalk may be restricted or subject to safety regulations due to heavy snow and harsh weather conditions. It is highly recommended to check the latest weather reports and access restrictions before your visit.
There are many ways to connect with nature around the wetlands. Beyond walking the Onnetane Boardwalk, you can experience the scenery from the water by canoeing down the river. For a more relaxed experience, you can view the vast landscape from the window of a train on the JR Senmo Main Line. Special sightseeing trains, such as the 'Kushiro Shitsugen Norokko-go', are specifically designed to allow passengers to enjoy the scenic views while traveling.
To the east of the wetlands, you will find the Hosooka Observatory, the Visitor's Lounge, and JR Kushiro-shitsugen Station. Along Route 1060, the Kottaro Observatory offers a great view of the Kushiro River's flow. To the west, the Onnetane Visitor Center and the Kushiro City Wetland Observatory serve as key hubs for exploring the western part of the wetland. Combining these various viewpoints and facilities allows for a comprehensive exploration of the wetland's diverse facets.
Since you will be walking on wooden boardwalks and paths, comfortable walking shoes are essential. Because weather in this region can change rapidly, we recommend bringing waterproof gear and warm clothing. Please note that there are no roads for cars within the wetland area; visitors must strictly stay on the designated paths to protect the vegetation and prevent accidents.