Guida
Kitsuki Castle is a historic fortification located in Kitsuki City, Oita Prefecture. Originally built by the Kuki clan in the early Muromachi period, it is characterized by its status as a natural fortress surrounded by the sea and steep cliffs. Due to its topography resembling a cow lying down, it is also known as "Gagyu-jo" (Crouching Ox Castle). Today, the castle ruins are maintained as Kitsaki Yamayama Park. A three-story mock castle tower stands on the site of the Honmaru citadel, serving as both a museum and an observation deck where visitors can enjoy historical exhibits and breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
The history of this site dates back to 1394 with the construction of "Kuki Castle" by Kuki Yorinao. During the Sengoku period, it was a stage for intense battles between the Otomo and Shimazu clans. During the Edo period, it functioned as the administrative center for the Kitsuki Domain. However, following the 1615 edict to limit castle construction, the upper part of the citadel was dismantled, and the administrative functions moved to the lord's residence at the foot of the mountain. Today, the area remains a significant historical site, featuring monuments related to the founders of Hosei University and various remains of stone-based cultural heritage.
The most striking feature is the view from the castle tower. From the three-story structure, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Kitsuki City and the beautiful Morié Bay. The museum inside the tower displays precious artifacts, such as the armor used by the feudal lords and the "Bungo Ume no Tsubo" (Bungo Plum Jar) presented to the Shogunate. Additionally, the site allows you to visually identify the original castle structure through remains of earthworks and trenches. The surrounding paths are also dotted with stone-based cultural heritage, including the Kunisaki towers.
The castle displays different charms depending on the season. In spring (around March to May), approximately 250 cherry trees bloom along the paths, making it a popular spot for flower viewing. In the evening, the setting sun illuminates the white walls of the castle tower, bathing the entire site in a vibrant, warm glow. In autumn, seasonal events like the "Moon Viewing Festival" (Kangetsu-sai) are held, where visitors can enjoy tea ceremonies under the light of the full moon and traditional lanterns, offering a deep sense of historical elegance.
As a well-maintained park, Kitsuki Castle offers a way to learn history while walking through nature. Through the museum exhibits, you can learn about the history of Oita Prefecture and the lifestyle of the feudal lords. Participating in local seasonal festivals is also highly recommended. For instance, during the "Kitsuki Castle Festival" in May, you can experience the atmosphere of the Edo period through the "Edo Procession" featuring people in traditional costumes. In winter, the "Hina Matsuri" festival showcases precious traditional dolls in local merchant houses and samurai residences.
At the foot of the castle ruins lies the "Hanshu Goten District," where stone walls and garden ruins can still be seen. The area also features the "Old Funagata Residence," a historic building currently used as a private home. When visiting, we recommend walking through the historical streets of the castle town to explore the samurai residences and local shops that preserve traditional techniques.
While the site is a well-maintained park, some paths are sloped or unpaved, so we highly recommend wearing comfortable walking shoes. Please note the following: