Guida
The Former Honma Family Residence, located in Sakata City, Yamagata Prefecture, is the former estate of the wealthy and influential Honma family. This architectural marvel features a unique structure where the samurai-style residence and the merchant-style building are integrated. The main building is massive, with a length of 33.6 meters and a width of 16.5 meters. This site embodies the spirit of hospitality established by ancestors over 200 years ago. Within its vast grounds, you will find meticulously maintained gardens and intricate architectural details that tell a story of profound historical weight.
The Honma lineage began in 1689 when the first generation, Kyushiro Hara-mitsu, opened the 'Niigata-ya' business. By the third generation, Mitsuhisa, the family expanded its influence significantly. While managing trade via thousand-koku ships, they also contributed to regional development through land improvement and forestation to prevent wind damage. They served as trusted advisors to the Sakai lords of the Shonai Clan, fulfilling dual roles as both successful merchants and influential landowners. The Honma family did not just accumulate wealth; they grew alongside the development of the local community.
The residence houses many treasures. One of the most remarkable is the 'Keyaki Tamamoku'—a rare and beautiful wood grain found in Zelkova trees approximately 1,000 years old. When viewed from the side, the grain appears to emerge in a mysterious, three-dimensional pattern. Another fascinating feature is the 'Mushakakushi' (warrior hiding spot), a small opening used by guards to observe the surroundings while protecting high-ranking individuals, adding a layer of historical intrigue.
You can also observe the functional differences between samurai and merchant architecture. For instance, look at the floorboards: in samurai-style rooms, they are laid horizontally to the direction of movement, whereas in merchant-style rooms, they are laid vertically to facilitate easier cleaning. The craftsmanship extends to the use of washi paper walls, intricate transoms (ranma), and the sophisticated use of various woods like cypress, pine, and cedar.
The estate hosts seasonal exhibitions, such as displays for Hina Matsuri (Doll Festival) or Tango no Sekku (Boy's Day), allowing visitors to experience different cultural facets depending on when they visit. We recommend visiting during the gentle light of spring or autumn to enjoy the harmony between the lush greenery of the garden and the historic structures.
In the annex known as the 'O-mise' (The Shop), you can touch upon the history of the family's commerce. The exhibits include actual bookkeeping counters, traditional measuring tools, lanterns, kitchenware, and even fire-fighting equipment used to protect the area from fires, providing a deep look into the daily lives and business practices of the Honma family.
Sakata City is rich in historical landmarks and cultural heritage. After visiting the Honma residence, we suggest exploring the surrounding historic streets and the scenic coastal landscapes to deepen your understanding of the region's charm.
To preserve the historical integrity of the buildings and the precious exhibits, please walk carefully. Seasonal clothing is recommended for your comfort.