Panduan
The Honma Ke Kyu Hontei, located in Sakata City, Yamagata Prefecture, is the former residence of the wealthy Honma family. This extraordinary structure features a scale of 33.6 meters in length and 16.5 meters in width, uniquely blending the styles of a samurai residence (buke-yashiki) and a merchant house (shoka-zukuri). The spirit of hospitality established by their ancestors continues to live on after more than 200 years. Within the vast grounds, visitors can find meticulously maintained gardens and exquisite architectural details that convey a profound sense of history.
The Honma lineage began in 1689 when the first head, Kyushiro, opened the 'Niigiya' business. During the era of the third head, Kio, the family expanded their influence by managing trade via thousand-koku ships while simultaneously contributing to regional development through land improvement and forestation to prevent wind damage. They also served as trusted advisors to the Sakai clan, the lords of the Shonai domain, effectively fulfilling roles as both wealthy merchants and influential landowners. The Honma family's history is deeply intertwined with the prosperity of the local community.
The residence houses many items of significant historical value. One such treasure is the 'Keyaki Tamamoku'—a rare, mesmerizing wood grain found in Zelkova trees approximately 1,000 years old. When viewed from the side, the grain appears to pop out, creating a three-dimensional effect. Another fascinating feature is the 'Musha-kakushi' (warrior's hiding spot), a small viewing hole used by attendants to monitor the movements of high-ranking officials.
You can also observe the subtle differences between samurai and merchant architecture. For instance, notice the direction of the floorboards: in samurai-style rooms, they are laid horizontally to the direction of movement, whereas in merchant-style rooms, they are laid vertically for easier cleaning. The residence is a masterpiece of Japanese craftsmanship, featuring various types of wood like Hinoki (cypress), Pine, and Cedar, along with intricate plaster walls and decorative transoms (ranma).
The residence hosts seasonal displays, such as those for the Hina Matsuri (Doll Festival) or Boys' Day, allowing visitors to experience different facets of Japanese culture depending on when they visit. A visit during the gentle weather of spring or autumn is highly recommended to enjoy the harmony between the lush gardens and the historic structures.
In the annex known as the 'O-mise' (Shop), you can touch upon the history of the family's commerce. The exhibit includes actual tools used in their business, such as account books, measuring instruments, traditional lamps (andon), and kitchen utensils. You can also see fire-fighting tools prepared for the family's protection, providing a detailed look into the daily lives and business practices of the Honma family.
Sakata City is rich in historical buildings and cultural heritage. After visiting the Honma residence, we recommend exploring the nearby historic streets and the beautiful coastal scenery to deepen your understanding of the region's charm.