Guide
Kushiro Shitsugen is one of Japan's largest and most significant wetlands. The Onnetai Boardwalk is a scenic 4km walking path located near the Onnetai Visitor Center at the western edge of the wetland. The path was constructed using the former route of the old Tsurui Village railway line. This route provides an exceptional environment for observing the diverse plant life and bird species that inhabit the area. As part of the Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, this area is a strictly protected zone where development is heavily regulated to preserve its pristine natural state.
The formation of the Kushiro Wetland is closely linked to climatic shifts thousands of years ago. Approximately 6,000 years ago, when sea levels were 2 to 3 meters higher than they are today, this entire region was a large, shallow bay. As temperatures dropped, the sea level receded, leaving behind a low-lying area with poor drainage. Over time, the accumulation of reeds and sedges led to peat formation, resulting in the wetland landscape seen today about 3,000 years ago.
Historically, the area was documented in 1858 by the explorer Matsuura Takeshiro, who traveled through the wetland after descending the Kushiro River. In 1935, the area was designated as a National Monument due to its importance as a breeding ground for cranes. While some land was converted for agriculture and grazing in the post-war era, the site was registered under the Ramsar Convention in 1980 and designated as Kushiro Shitsugen National Park in 1987. Today, the focus remains on conservation and maintaining biodiversity.
Visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of the wetlands through various observation decks and walkways. The Onnetai Boardwalk near the western end is an ideal spot for birdwatching and observing wetland flora. For a different perspective, the Hosooka Observatory at the eastern end offers a panoramic view of the winding Kushiro River. Additionally, travelers can experience the scenery from a train via the JR Senmo Main Line. The landscape features diverse geographical elements, including the Kushiro River, Miyajima Cape, and Kirakotan Cape.
The landscape of Kushiro Shitsugen changes beautifully with the seasons. From March to October, you can witness vibrant plant growth and active birdlife. Summer is particularly recommended for those interested in nature observation. Please note that during the winter months, access to the boardwalk may be restricted or closed due to heavy snow and weather-related safety concerns. It is highly recommended to check the latest weather and access information before your visit.
There are many ways to immerse yourself in nature here. Beyond walking the Onnetai Boardwalk, you can experience the wetland from the water via canoeing. For a more relaxing view, you can ride the JR Senmo Main Line, which travels through the heart of the wetland. The "Kushiro Shitsugen Norokko-go" sightseeing train is a popular way to enjoy the expansive scenery from the comfort of a train carriage.
To the east of the wetland, you will find the Hosooka Observatory, the visitor lounge, and JR Kushiro-shitsugen Station. Along Route 1060, the Kottaro Observatory offers excellent views of the Kushiro River and the eastern part of the wetland. To the west, the Onnetai Visitor Center serves as a key hub for exploring the western edge of the park. By combining these various observatories and facilities, you can experience the many different facets of this magnificent wetland.
Since you will be walking on wooden boardwalks and paths, comfortable walking shoes are essential. Because weather in the wetlands can change rapidly, we highly recommend bringing waterproof gear and warm clothing. There are no roads for cars within the wetland; visitors must strictly stay on the designated paths to protect the delicate vegetation and prevent falls into the marsh.