Guide
The Hagi Heianko Preservation District, located in Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, is a historic area that vividly preserves the architectural style of Edo-period samurai residences. Situated on the south side of the outer moat surrounding the former Hagi Castle's Sannomaru, the area maintains the structural layout used by samurai in the past. The most striking feature is the long earthen walls with a unique shape known as 'Kaimagari' (bent corners). These continuous walls create a beautifully organized and serene castle town landscape. Today, visitors can see authentic main houses, gatehouses (Nagayamon), and storehouses (Kura) that provide a visual window into the culture of the feudal era.
The history of this district is deeply connected to the construction of Hagi Castle in 1604. As a key stronghold for the Choshu Clan, the Heianko area was developed as a residential district for samurai within the castle town. During the Edo period, many samurai lived here in residences tailored to their social rank. Although a major fire in 1682 destroyed many buildings in the Heianko area, the district was rebuilt and preserved through the centuries. In 1976, it was designated as one of Japan's earliest 'Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings' alongside the Horinouchi district. This designation ensures that the traditional urban structure and architectural styles are passed down to future generations.
The true charm of the Heianko district lies in the continuous earthen walls and the collection of samurai residences. The landscape along the Hashimoto River reflects the land division of the Edo period, offering a sense of the spatial scale of ancient life. Specifically, the district features 11 buildings of high historical value and 39 designated earthen walls and gates, which together form a single, cohesive historical landscape. The sculptural beauty of the earthen walls at the 'Kaimagari' bends is a sight unique to this area. The way the residences are positioned according to the terrain also demonstrates the sophisticated urban planning of the time.
As this is an open-access area for walking, the district offers different moods depending on when you visit. During the bright daylight hours, it is perfect for observing the intricate details and textures of the architecture and earthen walls. At dusk, the streets take on a more nostalgic and emotional atmosphere. Throughout the seasons, the changing natural scenery complements the historic structures. Observing how the colors of the seasons harmonize with the textures of the old buildings and walls is a rewarding part of the experience.
The primary activity in the Heianko district is exploring the historic streets on foot. You can experience the atmosphere of the Edo period while admiring the samurai residences and gatehouses along the well-maintained paths. The area is also a great starting point for a broader historical tour of Hagi, which includes the Hagi Castle ruins and sites related to the 'Japan Heritage' (Industrial Revolution in the Meiji Era). It is a peaceful environment to connect with traditional Japanese living styles and the spatial organization of a castle town.
Many iconic spots representing Hagi's history are located near the Heianko district. These include the 'Hagi Castle Ruins' at the foot of Mt. Shizuki, the 'Meirinkan' (a former school for samurai), and the 'Hagi Reflection Furnace' (part of the World Heritage site). These sites are essential for understanding the culture of the Hagi castle town. Additionally, visiting the nearby Horinouchi district will allow you to trace an even broader history of the castle town's development.